Evaṃ tāva ayaṃ maggo tissattherādīnaṃ viya dukkhassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattati.

@3 saṃ.khandha. 17/34/28 dutiyanatumhākasutta 4-4 cha.Ma. gabalavāliyaaṅgaṇaṃ,

@ i. gāravakāraṇāyaaṅgaṇaṃ.

Sakko pana devānamindo attano pañcavidhaṃ pubbanimittaṃ disvā maraṇabhayasantajjito domanassajāto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi. So upekkhāpañhavisajjanāvasena asītisahassāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Sā cassa upapatti puna pākatikāva ahosi.

Subrahmāpi devaputto accharāsahassaparivuto saggasampattiṃ anubhoti. Tattha pañcasatā accharāyo rukkhato pupphāni ocinantiyo cavitvā niraye uppannā. So "kiṃ imā cirāyantī"ti upadhārento tāsaṃ niraye nibbattabhāvaṃ ñatvā "kittakaṃ nu kho mama āyun"ti upaparikkhanto attano āyuparikkhayaṃ viditvā tattheva niraye nibbattanabhāvaṃ viditvā bhīto ativiya domanassajāto hutvā "imaṃ me domanassaṃ satthāva vināsessati, na añño"ti avasesā pañcasatā accharāyo gahetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi:-

niccamutrastamidaṃ cittaṃ niccamubbiggamidaṃ mano

anuppannesu kicchesu atho uppattitesu ca

sace atthi anutrastaṃ taṃ me akkhāhi pucchitoi.

Tato naṃ bhagavā āha:-

nāññatra bojjhaṅgatapasā nāññatra indriyasaṃvarā

nāññatra sabbanissaggā sotthiṃ passāmi pāṇinanti.

So desanāpariyosāne pañcahi accharāsatehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya taṃ sampattiṃ thāvaraṃ katvā devalokameva agamāsīti. Evamayaṃ maggo bhāvito sakkādīnaṃ viya domanassassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattatīti veditabbo.

Ñāyassa adhigamāyāti ñāyo vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, tassa adhigamāya, pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ hi pubbabhāge lokiyo satipaṭṭhānamaggo bhāvito lokuttaramaggassa adhigamāya saṃvattati. Tenāha "ñāyassa adhigamāyā"ti.

@3 saṃ. sagā. 15/98/63 subrahmasutta 4 ka. sabbapaṭinissaggā Nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyāti taṇhāvānavirahitattā nibbānanti laddhanāmassa amatassa sacchikiriyāya, attapaccakkhatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ hi maggo bhāvito anupubbena nibbānasacchikiriyaṃ sādheti. Tenāha "nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā"ti.

Tattha kiñcāpi "sattānaṃ visuddhiyā"ti vutte sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyāti ādīni atthato siddhāneva honti, ṭhapetvā pana sāsanayuttikovide aññesaṃ na pākaṭāni, na ca bhagavā paṭhamaṃ sāsanayuttikovidajanaṃ katvā pacchā dhammaṃ deseti. Tena teneva pana suttena taṃ taṃ atthaṃ ñāpesi. Tasmā idha yaṃ yaṃ atthaṃ ekāyanamaggo sādheti, taṃ taṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā desento "sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā"ti ādimāha. Yasmā vā yā sattānaṃ visuddhi ekāyanamaggena saṃvattati, sā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamena hoti. Sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamo dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamena, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamo ñāyassa adhigamena, ñāyassa adhigamo nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya. Tasmā imampi kamaṃ dassento "sattānaṃ visuddhiyā"ti vatvā "sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā"ti ādimāha.

Apica vaṇṇabhaṇanametaṃ ekāyanamaggassa. Yatheva hi bhagavā "dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desissāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsissāmi yadidaṃ cha cakkānī"ti chachakkadesanāya aṭṭhahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, yathā ca ariyavaṃsadesanāya "cattārome bhikkhave ariyavaṃsā aggaññā rattaññā vaṃsaññā porāṇā, asaṅkiṇṇā asaṅkiṇṇapubbā na saṅkīyanti na saṅkīyissanti appaṭikuṭṭhā samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī"ti navahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, evaṃ imassāpi ekāyanamaggassa sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti ādīhi sattahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi. Kasmāti ce, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ. Vaṇṇabhāsanaṃ hi sutvā te bhikkhū "ayaṃ kira maggo hadayasantāpabhūtaṃ sokaṃ, vācāvippalāpabhūtaṃ paridevaṃ, kāyikaṃ asātabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ,

@3 aṃ. catukka. 21/28/32 ariyavaṃsasutta Cetasikaṃ asātabhūtaṃ domanassanti cattāro upaddave harati, visuddhiṃ ñāyaṃ nibbānanti tayo visese āvahatī"ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissanti. Iti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, kambalavāṇijādayo kambalādīnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ viya,

yathā hi satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijena kambalaṃ gaṇhathāti ugghositepi asukakambaloti na tāva manussā jānanti. Kesakambalavālakambalādayopi hi duggandhā kharasamphassā kambalātveva vuccanti. Yadā pana tena gandhārako rattakambalo sukhumo ujjalo sukhasamphassoti ugghositaṃ hoti, tadā ye pahonti, te gaṇhanti. Ye nappahonti, tepi dassanakāmā honti, evameva "ekāyano bhikkhave ayaṃ maggo"ti vuttepi asukamaggoti na tāva pākaṭo hoti. Nānappakārakā hi aniyyānikamaggāpi maggātveva vuccanti. "sattānaṃ visuddhiyā"ti ādimhi pana vutte "ayaṃ kira maggo cattāro upaddave harati, tayo visese āvahatī"ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissantīti vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanto "sattānaṃ visuddhiyā"ti ādimāha. Yathā ca satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijūpamā, evaṃ rattajambū- nadasuvaṇṇaudakappasādakamaṇiratanasuvisuddhamuttaratanaromakapavāḷādivāṇijūpamāpettha āharitabbā.

Yadidanti nipāto, ye imeti ayamassa attho. Cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo, tena na tato heṭṭhā na uddhanti satipaṭṭhānaparicchedaṃ dīpeti. Satipaṭṭhānāti tayo satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatāpi satipi. "catunnaṃ bhikkhave satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desissāmi, taṃ suṇātha. Ko ca bhikkhave kāyassa samudayo, āhārasamudayā kāyassa samudayo"ti ādīsu hi satigocaro satipaṭṭhānanti vuccati. Tathā "kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ no sati, sati pana upaṭṭhānañceva sati cā"ti ādīsupi. Tassattho:-

@3 khu. paṭi. 31/727/623 (sayā) satipaṭṭhānakathā Patiṭṭhāti asminti paṭṭhānaṃ. Kā patiṭṭhāti? sati. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭaṭhānaṃ, padhānaṃ ṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ hatthiṭṭhānaassaṭṭhānādīni viya.

"tayo satipaṭṭhanā yadariyo sevati, yadariyo sevamāno satthā gaṇamanusāsituṃ arahatī"ti ettha tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatā "satipaṭṭhānan"ti vuccati. Tassattho:- paṭṭhapetabbato paṭṭhānaṃ, pavattayitabbatoti attho. Kena paṭṭhapetabbatoti? satiyā. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ "cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta sambojjhaṅge paripūrentī"ti ādīsu pana satiyeva "satipaṭṭhānan"ti vuccati. Tassattho:- paṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhāti okkanditvā pakkhanditvā pattharitvā pavattīti attho. Satiyeva satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Athavā saraṇaṭṭhena sati, upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ. Iti sati ca sā paṭṭhānañcātipi satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Idamidha adhippetaṃ.

Yadi evaṃ kasmā "satipaṭṭhānā"ti bahuvacanaṃ? satibahuttā. Ārammaṇabhedena Hi bahukā etā satiyo. Atha maggoti kasmā ekavacanaṃ? maggaṭṭhena ekattā. Catassopi hi etā satiyo maggaṭṭhena ekattaṃ gacchanti. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ "maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo, nibbānagamanaṭṭhena, nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena cā"ti. Catassopi cetā aparabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu kiccaṃ sādhayamānā nibbānaṃ gacchanti, ādito paṭṭhāya ca nibbānatthikehi maggiyanti, tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuccanti. Evañca sativacanānusandhinā sānusandhikāva desanā hoti, "mārasenappamaddanaṃ vo bhikkhave maggaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhave mārasenappamaddano maggo? yadidaṃ satta sambojjhaṅgā"ti ādīsu viya. Yathā mārasenappamaddanoti ca satta sambojjhaṅgāti ca atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ, evaṃ "ekāyanamaggo"ti ca "cattāro satipaṭṭhānā"ti ca atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ, tasmā maggaṭṭhena ekattā ekavacanaṃ, ārammaṇabhedena satibahuttā bahuvacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.

@3 saṃ. mahā. 19/989/285 paṭhamaānandasutta 4 saṃ. mahā. 19/224/89 mārasutta

Kasmā pana bhagavatā cattārova satipaṭṭhānā vuttā anūnā anadhikāti. Veneyyahitattā. Taṇhācaritadiṭṭhicaritasamathayānikavipassanāyānikesu hi mandatikkhavasena dvedhā dvedhā pavattesu veneyyesu mandassa taṇhācaritassa oḷārikaṃ kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa sukhumaṃ vedanānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ. Diṭṭhicaritassapi mandassa nātippabhedagataṃ cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa atippabhedagataṃ dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo. Samathayānikassa ca mandassa akicchena adhigantabbanimittaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa oḷārikārammaṇe asaṇṭhahanato dutiyaṃ. Vipassanāyānikassāpi mandassa nātippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ tatiyaṃ, tikkhassa atippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Iti cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti.

Subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsappahānatthaṃ vā. Kāyo hi asubho, tattha ca subhavipallāsavipallatthā sattā. Tesaṃ tattha asubhabhāvadassanena tassa vipallāsassa pahānatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ. Sukhaṃ niccaṃ attāti gahitesupi ca vedanādīsu vedanā dukkhā cittaṃ aniccaṃ dhammā anattā, etesu ca sukhaniccaattavipallāsa- vipallatthā sattā. Tesaṃ tattha dukkhādibhāvadassanena tesaṃ vipallāsānaṃ pahānatthaṃ sesāni tīṇi vuttāniti evaṃ subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsappahānatthaṃ cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti veditabbā. Na kevalañca vipallāsappahānatthameva, athakho caturoghayogāsavagaṇṭhaupādānaagatippahānatthaṃpi catubbidhāhārapariññatthaṃ ca cattārova vuttāti veditabbā. Ayaṃ tāva pakaraṇanayo.

Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattāroti etadeva vuttaṃ. Yathā hi catudvāre nagare pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, dakkhiṇato. Pacchimato. Uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ sampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ. Nagaraṃ viya hi nibbānamahānagaraṃ, dvāraṃ viya aṭṭhaṅgiko lokuttaramaggo, pācīnadisādayo viya kāyādayo.

Yathā hi pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ kāyānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā cuddasavidhena kāyānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā kāyānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti. Yathā dakkhiṇto āgacchantā dakkhiṇadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ vedanānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā navavidhena vedanānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā vedanānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti. Yathā pacchimato āgacchantā pacchimadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pacchimadvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ cittānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā soḷasavidhena cittānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā cittānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti. Yathā uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti, evaṃ dhammānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā pañcavidhena dhammānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā dhammānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti. Evaṃ saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattārova vuttāti veditabbā.

Katame cattāroti kathetukamyatāpucchā. Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Bhikkhaveti dhammapaṭiggāhakapuggalānamālapanametaṃ. Bhikkhūti paṭipattisampādakapuggalanidassanametaṃ. Aññepi ca devamanussā paṭipattiṃ sampādentiyeva, seṭṭhattā pana paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanato ca "bhikkhū"ti āha. Bhagavato hi anusāsaniṃ sampaṭicchantesu bhikkhu seṭṭho, sabbappakārāya anusāsaniyā bhājanabhāvato. Tasmā seṭṭhattā "bhikkhū"ti āha. Tasmiṃ gahite pana sesā gahitāva honti rājagamanādīsu rājaggahaṇena sesaparisā viya. Yo ca imaṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjati, so bhikkhu nāma hotīti paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanatopi "bhikkhū"ti āha. Paṭipannako hi devo vā hotu manusso vā bhikkhūti saṅkhyaṃ gacchatiyeva. Yathāha:-

"alaṅkato cepi samaṃ careyya

santo danto niyato brahmacārī

sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ

so brāhmaṇo so samaṇo sa bhikkhū"ti.

Kāyeti rūpakāye. Rūpakāyo hi idha aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ kesādīnañca dhammānaṃ samūhaṭṭhena hatthikāyarathakāyādayo viya kāyoti adhippeto. Yathā ca samūhaṭṭhena, evaṃ kucchitānaṃ āyaṭṭhena. Kucchitānaṃ hi paramajegucchānaṃ so kāyotipi kāyo. Āyoti uppattideso. Tatthāyaṃ vacanaṭṭho. Āyanti tatoti āyo. Ke āyanti? kucchitā kesādayo. Iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti āyo.

Kāyānupassīti kāye anupassanasīlo kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno. Kāyeti ca vatvāpi puna kāyānupassīti dutiyakāyaggahaṇaṃ asammissato vavatthānaghanavinibbhogādidassanatthaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Tena na kāye vedanānupassī vā, cittadhammānupassī vā, athakho kāyānupassīyevāti kāyasaṅkhāte vatthusmiṃ kāyānupassanākārasseva dassanena asammissato vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Tathā na kāye aṅgapaccaṅga- vinimuttaekadhammānupassī, nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthīpurisānupassī, yopi cettha kesalomādiko bhūtūpādāyasamūhasaṅkhāto kāyo, tatthapi na bhūtūpādāyavinimutta- ekadhammānupassī, athakho rathasambhārānupassako viya aṅgapaccaṅgasamūhānupassī, nagarāvayavānupassako viya kesalomādisamūhānupassī, kadalikkhandhapattavaṭṭivinibbhujjako viya rittamuṭṭhivinibbedhako viya ca bhūtūpādāyasamūhānupassīyevāti nānappakārato samūhavaseneva kāyasaṅkhātassa ca vatthuno dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti. Na hettha yathāvuttasamūhavinimutto kāyo vā puriso vā itthī vā añño vā koci dhammo dissati, yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana tathā tathā sattā micchābhinivesaṃ karonti. Tenāhu porāṇā:-

"yaṃ passati na taṃ diṭṭhaṃ yaṃ diṭṭhaṃ taṃ na passati

apassaṃ bajjhate muḷho bajjhamāno na muccatī"ti.