อัมพปาลิสูตร

3. Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutta

1. Ambapālivagga

1. Ambapālisuttavaṇṇanā

Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyuttassa paṭhame ambapālivaneti ambapāliyā nāma rūpūpajīviniyā ropite ambavane. Taṃ kira tassā uyyānaṃ ahosi, sā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannacittā tattha vihāraṃ kāretvā tathāgatassa niyyātesi. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekāyanvāyanti ekāyano ayaṃ. Tattha ekāyanoti ekamaggo maggassa hi:-

"maggo pantho patho pajjo añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ

nāvā uttarasetu ca kullo ca bhisisaṅkamo"ti 1- bahūni nāmāni. Svāyaṃ idha ayananāmena vutto. Tasmā ekāyanvāyaṃ bhikkhave maggoti ettha ekamaggo ayaṃ bhikkhave maggo, na dvedhā pathabhūtoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo. Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena, 2- nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena ca.

Sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti rāgādīhi malehi abhijjhāvisamalobhādīhi ca upakkilesehi saṅkiliṭṭhacittānaṃ sattānaṃ visuddhatthāya. Sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyāti sokassa ca paridevassa ca samatikkamāya, pahānāyāti attho. Dukkhadomassānaṃ atthaṅgamāyāti kāyikadukkhassa ca cetasikadomanassassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ atthaṅgamāya, nirodhāyāti attho. Ñāyassa adhigamāyāti ñāyo vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko

@Footnote: 1 khu.cūḷa. 30/565/277 2 Sī. nibbānamagganaṭaṭhena, Ma. nibbānaṃ magganaṭṭhena Maggo. Tassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi pubbabhāge lokiyo satipaṭṭhānamaggo bhāvito lokuttaramaggassa adhigamāya saṃvattati. Tenāha "ñāyassa adhigamāyā"ti. Nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyāti taṇhāvānavirahitattā nibbānanti laddhanāmassa amatassa sacchikiriyāya, attapaccakkhāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ hi maggo bhāvito anupubbena nibbānasacchikiriyaṃ sādheti. Tenāha "nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā"ti.

Evaṃ bhagavatā sattahi padehi ekāyanamaggassa vaṇṇo bhāsito, so kasmāiti ce? bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ. Vaṇṇabhāsanañhi sutvā te bhikkhū "ayaṃ kira maggo hadayasantāpabhūtaṃ sokaṃ, vācāvippalāpabhūtaṃ paridevaṃ, kāyikaasātabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetasikaasātabhūtaṃ domanassanti cattāro upaddave harati, visuddhiṃ, ñāyaṃ, nibbānanti tayo visese āvahatī"ti ussāhajātā imaṃ desanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissanti. Iti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi kambalavāṇijādayo kambalādīnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ viya.

Yadidanti nipāto, ye imeti ayamassa attho. Cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo, tena "na tato heṭṭhā, na uddhan"ti satipaṭṭhānaparicchedaṃ dīpeti. Satipaṭṭhānāti tayo satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi, tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattāpi, satipi. "catunnaṃ bhikkhave satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, ko ca bhikkhave kāyassa samudayo, āhārasamudayā kāyasamudayo"tiādīsu 1- hi satigocaro satipaṭṭhānanti vutto. Tathā "kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ, no sati, sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati cā"tiādīsupi. 2- Tassattho:-

@Footnote: 1 saṃ.mahā. 19/408/161 2 khu.paṭi. 31/35/441 Patiṭṭhāti tasminti 1- paṭṭhānaṃ. Kā patiṭṭhāti? sati. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Padhānaṃ ṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ hatthiṭṭhānaassaṭṭhānādīni viya.

"tayo satipaṭṭhānā, yadariyo sevati, yadariyo sevamāno satthā gaṇamanusāsitumarahatī"ti 2- ettha tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatā satipaṭṭhānanti vuttā. Tassattho:- paṭṭhapetabbato paṭṭhānaṃ, pavattayitabbatoti attho. Kena paṭṭhapetabboti? satiyā. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānanti.

"cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrentī"tiādīsu 3- pana satiyeva satipaṭṭhānanti vuttā. Tassattho:- patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhāti okkanditvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho. Satiyeva paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Athavā saraṇaṭṭhena sati, upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ, iti sati ca sā paṭṭhānañcātipi satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Idamidha adhippetaṃ.

Yadi evaṃ kasmā "satipaṭṭhānā"ti bahuvacanaṃ katanti? satīnaṃ bahuttā. Ārammaṇabhedena hi bahukā satiyo. Atha "maggo"ti kasmā ekavacananti? Magganaṭṭhena ekattā. Catassopi hi etā satiyo magganaṭṭhena ekattaṃ gacchanti. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ "maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo, nibbānamagganaṭṭhena nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena cā"ti. Catassopi cetā aparabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu kiccaṃ sādhayamānā nibbānaṃ gacchanti, ādito paṭṭhāya ca nibbānatthikehi maggiyantīti tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuttā. Evañca sati vacanānusandhinā sānusandhikāva desanā hoti.

@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. asminti 2 Ma.u. 14/311/284

@3 Ma.u. 14/147/130, saṃ.mahā. 19/989/285

Katame cattāroti kathetukamyatāpucchā. Kāyeti rūpakāye. Kāyānupassīti kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo, kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno. Ayaṃ hi bhikkhu imaṃ kāyaṃ aniccānupassanādīnaṃ sattannaṃ anupassanānaṃ vasena aniccato anupassati, no niccato, dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato, anattato anupassati, no attato, nibbindati, no nandati, virajjati, no rajjati, nirodheti no samudeti, paṭinissajjati, no ādiyati. So taṃ aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati, dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃ pajahati, anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ pajahati, nibbindanto nandiṃ pajahati, virajjanto rāgaṃ pajahati, nirodhento samudayaṃ pajahati, paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahatīti veditabbo.

Viharatīti irīyati. Ātāpīti tīsu bhavesu kilese ātapatīti ātāpo, vīriyassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Ātāpo assa atthīti ātāpī. Sampajānoti sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato. Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato. Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati. Na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi, tenevāha "satiñca khvāhaṃ bhikkhave sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī"ti. 1- Tasmā ettha "kāye kāyānupassī viharatī"ti. Ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Athavā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti, asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati, muṭṭhassati upāyapariccāge anupāyapariggahe 2- ca asamattho hoti, tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati, tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati, tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ "ātāpī sampajāno satimā"ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañcassa dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti vuttaṃ. Tattha vineyyāti

@Footnote: 1 saṃ.mahā. 14/234/102 2 Sī.,ka. anupāyāpariccāge upāyāpariggahe Tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā. Loketi tasmiṃyeva kāye. Kāyo hi idha lujjanapalujjaṭṭhena 1- lokoti adhippeto. Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahiyyati, vedanādīsu pahiyyatiyeva. Tasmā "pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko"ti vibhaṅge 2- vuttaṃ. Lokasaṅkhātattā vā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāranayenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panāha "tattha katamo loko. Sveva kāyo loko"ti, 3- ayamevettha attho. Tasmiṃ loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vineyyāti evaṃ sambandho daṭṭhabbo.

Vedanāsūti ettha tisso vedanā, tā ca lokiyā eva, cittampi lokiyaṃ, tathā dhammā. Yathā pana vedanā anupassitabbā, tathā anupassanto esa vedanānupassīti veditabbo. Esa nayo cittadhammesu. Kathañca vedanā anupassitabbāti? sukhā tāva vedanā dukkhato, dukkhā sallato, adukkhamasukhā aniccato. Yathāha:-

"yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda dukkhamaddakkhi sallato

adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ addakkhi naṃ aniccato

sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu upasanto carissatī"ti. 4-

Sabbā eva cetā dukkhātipi anupassitabbā. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ "yaṅkiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī"ti. 5- Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā, yathāha "sukhā kho āvuso visākha vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā"ti 6- sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Apica aniccādisattaanupassanāvasenapi anupassitabbā.

Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādi- nānattabhedānaṃ aniccādianupassanānaṃ sarāgādīnañca bhedānaṃ vasena anupassitabbaṃ,

@Footnote: 1 Sī.,ka. lujjanaṭṭhena 2 abhi.vi. 35/362/231

@3 abhi.vi. 35/362/231 4 Ma. parijānāti vedanāti, saṃ.saḷā 18/368/257 (syā)

@5 saṃ.saḷā 18/391/268 (syā) 6 mu.mū. 12/465/414 Dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatadhammassa aniccatādisattaanupassanānaṃ "santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandan"tiādīnañca pabhedānaṃ vasena anupassitabbā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dīghamajjhimaṭṭhakathāsu 1- satipaṭṭhānavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbo.