๓. กังขาเรวตเถรคาถา

140. 3. Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

paññaṃ imaṃ passāti āyasmato kaṅkhārevatassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?

ayampi thero padumuttarabhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbattito. Ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ dhammadesanākāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ jhānābhiratānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā "mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī"ti cintetvā desanāvasāne satthāraṃ nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahāsakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ āha "bhante ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na patthemi, yathā pana so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake jhāyīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane jhāyīnaṃ aggo bhaveyyan"ti patthanamakāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā nipphajjanabhāvaṃ disvā "anāgate kappasata- sahassāvasāne gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo bhavissasī"ti byākaritvā pakkāmi.

So yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthinagare mahābhogakule nibbatto pacchābhattaṃ dhammassavanatthaṃ gacchantena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dasabalassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampadaṃ labhitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathāpetvā jhānaparikammaṃ karonto jhānalābhī hutvā jhānaṃ 1- pādakaṃ katvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So yebhuyyena dasabalena samāpajjitabbasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanto ahorattaṃ jhānesu ciṇṇavasī ahosi. Atha naṃ satthā "etadaggaṃ

@Footnote: 1 Sī. jhānameva Bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ yadidaṃ kaṅkhārevato"ti 1- jhāyīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne:- 2-

"padumuttaro nāma jino sabbadhammesu cakkhumā

ito satasahassamhi kappe uppajji nāyako.

Sīhahanu brahmagiro 3- haṃsadundubhinissano 4-

nāgavikkantagamano candasūrādhikappabho.

Mahāmati mahāvīro mahājhāyī mahābalo

mahākāruṇiko nātho mahātamaviddhaṃsano. 5-

Sa kadāci tilokaggo veneyyaṃ vinayaṃ 6- bahuṃ

dhammaṃ desesi sambuddho sattāsayavidū muni.

Jhāyiṃ jhānarataṃ vīraṃ upasantaṃ anāvilaṃ

vaṇṇayanto parisatiṃ tosesi janataṃ jino.

Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ brāhmaṇo vedapāragū

dhammaṃ sutvāna mudito taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.

Tadā jino viyākāsi saṃghamajjhe vināyako

mudito hohi tvaṃ brahme lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.

Satasahassito kappe okkākakulasambhavo

gotamo nāma gottena satthā loke bhavissati.

Tassa dhammesu dāyādo oraso dhammanimmito

revato nāma nāmena hessati satthu sāvako.

Tena kammena sukatena cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca

jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

@Footnote: 1 aṅ.ekaka. 20/204/24 etadaggavagga: dutiyavagga 2 khu.apa. 33/132/222 (syā)

@3 Sī. brahmasaro 4 Sī....bhinissaro 5. Sī. mahātamavinodano, cha.Ma. mahātamapanūdano

@6 Sī. veneyyavinaye, Ma. vinaye piṭake vinayaṃ piṭakaṃ

Pacchime ca bhave dāni jātohaṃ koliye pure

khattiye kulasampanne iddhe phīte mahaddhane.

Yadā kapilavatthusmiṃ buddho dhammamadesayi

tadā pasanno sugate pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

Kaṅkhā me bahulā 1- āsi kappākappe tahiṃ tahiṃ

sabbaṃ taṃ vinayī buddho desetvā dhammamuttamaṃ.

Tatohaṃ tiṇṇasaṃsāro tadā jhānasukhe rato

viharāmi tadā buddho maṃ disvā etadabravi.

Yā kāci kaṅkhā idha vā huraṃ vā

savediyā 2- vā paravediyā vā

ye jhāyino tā pajahanti sabbā

ātāpino brahmacariyaṃ carantā.

Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ phalaṃ dassesi me idha

sumutto saravegova kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.

Tato jhānarataṃ disvā buddho lokantagū muni

jhāyīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo paññāpesi mahāmati.

Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ bhavā sabbe samūhatā

nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā viharāmi anāsavo.

Svāgataṃ vata me āsi mama buddhassa santike

tisso vijjā anuppattā kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

Paṭisambhidā catasso vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime

chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan"ti. 3-

@Footnote: 1 Sī. bahuso 2 apadānapāli. sakavediyā 3 Ma. buddhānusāsananti

Tathā katakicco panāyaṃ mahāthero pubbe dīgharattaṃ attano kaṅkhāpakatacittataṃ idāni sabbaso vigatakaṅkhatañca paccavekkhitvā "aho nūna mayhaṃ satthuno desanā- nubhāvo, tenetarahi evaṃ vigatakaṅkho ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto jāto"ti sañjāta- bahumāno bhagavato paññaṃ pasaṃsanto:-

1- "paññaṃ imaṃ passa tathāgatānaṃ

aggi yathā pajjalito nisīthe 2-

ālokadā cakkhudadā bhavanti

ye āgatānaṃ vinayanti kaṅkhan"ti imaṃ gāthamāha. 1-

Tattha paññanti pakārehi 3- jānāti, pakārehi ñāpetīti ca paññā. Veneyyānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādippakāre dhammānaṃ kusalādike khandhādike ca desetabbappakāre jānāti, yathāsabhāvato paṭivijjhati, tehi ca pakārehi ñāpetīti attho. Satthu desanāñāṇañhi idhādhippetaṃ, tenāha "iman"ti. Taṃ hi attani siddhena desanābalena nayaggāhato paccakkhaṃ viya upaṭṭhitaṃ gahetvā "iman"ti vuttaṃ. Yadaggena vā satthu desanāñāṇaṃ sāvakehi nayato gayhati, tadaggena attano visaye paṭivedhañāṇampi nayato gayhateva. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati "apica me bhante dhammanvayo vidito"ti. 4- Passāti vimhayappatto aniyamato ālapati attanoyeva vā 5- cittaṃ, yathāha bhagavā udānento "lokamimaṃ passa 6- puthū avijjāya paretā bhūtā bhūtaratā vā 7- aparimuttā"ti. 8- Tathāgatānanti tathā āgamanādiatthena 9- tathāgatānaṃ. Tathā āgatoti hi tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ

@Footnote: 1-1 cha.Ma. "paññaṃ imaṃ passā"ti imaṃ gāthamāha 2 ka.,i. nisīve, nissivetipi

@3 cha.Ma. pakāre 4 dī.mahā. 10/146/75 mahāparinibbānasutta,

@ dī.pāṭi. 11/143/86 sampasādanīyasutta 5 Sī. vā-saddo na dissati 6 Ma. passatha

@7 ka. paretaṃ bhūtaṃ bhūtarataṃ bhavā 8 khu.udāna. 25/30/137 lokasutta 9 Sī....atthehi Āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato 1- abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathāvāditāya 2- tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti evaṃ aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato. Tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti tathāgato, tathā pavattitoti tathāgato, tathehi āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatabhāvena tathāgatoti evampi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgatoti ayamettha saṅkhePo. Vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyā udānaṭṭhakathāya 3- itivuttakaṭṭhakathāya 4- ca vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

Idāni tassā paññāya asādhāraṇavisesaṃ dassetuṃ "aggi yathā"tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā aggīti upamāvacanaṃ. Yathāti tassa upamābhāvadassanaṃ. Pajjalitoti upameyyena sambandhadassanaṃ. Nisītheti kiccakaraṇakāladassanaṃ. Ayaṃ hettha attho:- yathā nāma nisīthe rattiyaṃ caturaṅgasamannāgate andhakāre vattamāne unnate ṭhāne pajjalito aggi tasmiṃ padese tamakataṃ 5- vidhamantaṃ tiṭṭhati, evameva tathāgatānaṃ imaṃ desanā- ñāṇasaṅkhātaṃ sabbaso veneyyānaṃ 6- saṃsayatamaṃ vidhamantaṃ paññaṃ passāti. Yato desanāvilāsena sattānaṃ ñāṇamayaṃ ālokaṃ dentīti ālokadā. Paññāmayameva cakkhuṃ dadantīti cakkhudadā. Tadubhayampi kaṅkhāvinayapadaṭṭhānameva katvā dassento "ye āgatānaṃ vinayanti kaṅkhan"ti āha. Ye tathāgatā attano santikaṃ āgatānaṃ 7- upagatānaṃ veneyyānaṃ "ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānan"tiādinayappavattaṃ 8- soḷasavatthukaṃ, "buddhe kaṅkhati dhamme kaṅkhatī"tiādinayappavattaṃ 9- aṭaṭhavatthukañca kaṅkhaṃ vicikicchaṃ vinayanti desanānubhāvena anavasesato vidhamanti viddhaṃsenti. Vinayakukkuccasaṅkhātā pana kaṅkhā tabbinayeneva vinītā hontīti.

@Footnote: 1 Sī. yathāvato 2 cha.Ma. tathavāditāya 3 pa.dī.udāna. hanṛ´ā 160 suppavāsāsuttavaṇṇanā

@4 pa.dī.iti. hanṛ´ā 153 vitakkasuttavaṇṇanā 5 cha.Ma. tamagataṃ 6 Ma. vineyyānaṃ

@7 ka. uppattitānaṃ, Sī. gatānaṃ 8 Ma.mū. 12/18/11 sabbāsavasutta,

@saṃ.nidāna. 16/20/26 paccayasutta 9 abhi.saṅ. 34/1008/242 nikkhepakaṇḍa

Aparo nayo:- yathā aggi nisīthe rattibhāge pajjalito paṭutarajālo samujjalo 1- uccāsane 2- ṭhitānaṃ obhāsadānamattena andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā samavisamaṃ vibhāvento ālokadado hoti, accāsanne pana ṭhitānaṃ taṃ 3- supākaṭaṃ karonto cakkhukiccakaraṇato cakkhudado nāma hoti, evameva 4- tathāgatā attano dhammakāyassa dūre ṭhitānaṃ akatādhikārānaṃ paññāpajjotena mohandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā kāyasamakāyavisamādisamavisamaṃ 5- vibhāvento ālokadā bhavanti, āsanne ṭhitānaṃ pana katādhikārānaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ uppādento cakkhudadā bhavanti. Ye evaṃbhūtā attano vacīgocaraṃ āgatānaṃ mādisānampi kaṅkhābahulānaṃ kaṅkhaṃ vinayanti ariyamaggasamuppādanena vidhamanti, tesaṃ tathāgatānaṃ paññaṃ ñāṇātisayaṃ passāti yojanā. Evamayaṃ therassa attano kaṅkhāvitaraṇappakāsanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi hoti. Ayaṃ hi thero puthujjanakāle kappiyepi kukkuccako hutvā kaṅkhābahulatāya "kaṅkhārevato"ti paññāto, pacchā khīṇāsavakālepi tatheva vohariyittha. 6- Tenāha "itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā kaṅkhārevato gāthaṃ abhāsitthā"ti. Taṃ vuttatthameva.

Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. samujjalaṃ 2 Sī. accāsanne 3 Sī. ayaṃpāṭho na dissati 4 Sī. evamevaṃ

@5 Ma. kāyasamakāyasamāsamavisamaṃ, cha.Ma. kāyavisamādisamavisamaṃ 6 cha.Ma. voharayittha