๗. โคตมเถรคาถา

376. 7. Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā 3-

vijāneyya sakaṃ atthantiādikā āyasmato aparassa gotamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?

Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva sāvatthiyaṃ udiccabrāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā vādamaggaṃ uggahetvā attano vādassa upari uttariṃ vadantaṃ alabhanto tehi tehi viggāhikakathaṃ anuyutto vicarati. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena yasādike veneyye vinetvā anāthapiṇḍikassa abhiyācanāya sāvatthiṃ upagacchi. Tadā satthu jetavanapaṭiggahe paṭiladdhasaddho satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā aññataraṃ piṇḍacārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi "bhikkhu imaṃ pabbājehī"ti.

@Footnote: 1 Sī. pariyosāne 2 Sī.,i. khayavayagamaneneva 3 cha.Ma. (apara) gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā So tena pabbājiyamāno khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā kosalajanapadaṃ gantvā tattha ciraṃ vasitvā puna sāvatthiṃ paccāgami. Taṃ bahū ñātakā brāhmaṇamahāsālā upasaṅkamitvā payirupāsitvā nisinnā 1- "imasmiṃ loke bahū samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṃsāre suddhivādā, tesu katamesaṃ nu kho vādo niyyāniko, kathaṃ paṭipajjanto saṃsārato sujjhatī"ti pucchiṃsu. Thero tesaṃ tamatthaṃ pakāsento:-

"vijāneyya sakaṃ atthaṃ avalokeyyātha pāvacanaṃ

yañcettha assa paṭirūpaṃ sāmaññaṃ ajjhūpagatassa.

Mittaṃ idheva 2- kalyāṇaṃ sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānaṃ

sussūsā ca garūnaṃ etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Buddhesu sagāravatā dhamme apaciti yathābhūtaṃ

saṃghe ca cittīkāro etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Ācāragocare yutto ājīvo sodhito agārayho

cittassa ca saṇṭhapanaṃ etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Cārittaṃ atha vārittaṃ iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyaṃ

adhicitte ca āyogo etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Āraññakāni senāsanāni pantāni appasaddāni

bhajitabbāni muninā etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Sīlañca bāhusaccañca dhammānaṃ pavicayo yathābhūtaṃ

saccānaṃ abhisamayo etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Bhāveyya ca aniccanti anattasaññaṃ asubhasaññañca

lokamhi ca anabhiratiṃ etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

Bhāveyya ca bojjhaṅge iddhipādāni indriyabalāni

aṭṭhaṅgamaggamariyaṃ etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpaṃ.

@Footnote: 1 Sī.,i. bahū ñātakā nisinnaṃ 2 cha.Ma. idha ca

Taṇhaṃ pajaheyya muni samūlake āsave padāleyya

vihareyya vippamutto etaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpan"ti imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha vijāneyya sakaṃ atthanti viññūjātiko puriso attano atthaṃ yāthāvato vicāretvā jāneyya. Vicārento ca avalokeyyātha pāvacanaṃ idha loke puthusamaṇa- brāhmaṇehi sammāsambuddhena ca pavuttaṃ pāvacanaṃ, samayo. Tattha yaṃ niyyānikaṃ, taṃ olokeyya paññācakkhunā passeyya. Ime hi nānātitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇā anicce "aniccan"ti anattani "attā"ti asuddhimaggañca "suddhimaggo"ti micchā- bhinivesino aññamaññañca viruddhavādā, 1- tasmā nesaṃ vādo aniyyāniko, sammā- sambuddho pana "sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā, sabbe dhammā anattā, santaṃ nibbānan"ti sayambhūñāṇena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāya pavedeti, tasmā "tassa vādo niyyāniko"ti satthu sāsanamahantataṃ olokeyyāti attho. Yañcettha assa paṭirūpaṃ, sāmaññaṃ ajjhūpagatassāti sāmaññaṃ samaṇabhāvaṃ pabbajjaṃ upagatassa kulaputtassa yaṃ ettha sāsane pabbajitabhāve vā paṭirūpaṃ yuttarūpaṃ sāruppaṃ assa siyā, tampi apalokeyya.

Kiṃ pana tanti āha "mittaṃ idheva kalyāṇan"tiādi. Imasmiṃ sāsane kalyāṇamittaṃ seviyamānaṃ samaṇassa paṭirūpanti yojanā. Esa nayo itaresupi. Kalyāṇamittaṃ hi nissāya akusalaṃ pajahati kusalaṃ bhāveti suddhamattānaṃ pariharati. Sikkhā vipulaṃ samādānanti vipulaṃ sikkhāsamādānaṃ, mahatiyā nibbānāvahāya adhisīlādisikkhāya anuṭṭhānanti attho. Sussūsā ca garūnanti garūnaṃ ācariyupajjhāyādīnaṃ kalyāṇa- mittānaṃ ovādassa sotukamyatā pāricariyā ca. Etanti kalyāṇamittasevanādi.

Buddhesu sagāravatāti sabbaññubuddhesu "sammāsambuddho bhagavā"ti gāravayogo garucittīkāro. Dhamme apaciti yathābhūtanti ariyadhamme yāthāvato apacāyanaṃ ādarena

@Footnote: 1 Sī. viruddhavādino Abhipūjanaṃ. Saṃgheti ariyasaṃghe. Cittīkāroti sakkāro sammānanaṃ. Etanti ratanattaya- garukaraṇaṃ.

Ācāragocare yuttoti kāyikavācasikavītikkamanasaṅkhātaṃ anācāraṃ piṇḍapātādīnaṃ atthāya upasaṅkamituṃ ayuttaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ vesiyādiagocarañca pahāya kāyikavācasikaavītikkamanasaṅkhātena ācārena piṇḍapātādīnaṃ atthāya upasaṅkamituṃ yuttaṭṭhānabhūtena gocarena ca yutto sampanno, sampannaācāragocaroti attho. Ājīvo sodhitoti veḷudānādiṃ buddhapaṭikuṭṭhaṃ anesanaṃ pahāya anavajjuppāde paccaye sevantassa ājīvo sodhito hoti suvisuddho, sodhitattā eva agārayho viññūhi. Cittassa ca saṇṭhapananti yathā cakkhādidvārehi rūpādiārammaṇesu abhijjhādayo nappavattanti, evaṃ diṭṭhe diṭaṭhamattādivasena cittassa sammā ṭhapanaṃ. Etanti ācāragocarasampatti ājīvapārisuddhi indriyesu guttadvāratāti etaṃ tayaṃ.

Cārittanti caritvā paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Vārittanti viratiyā akaraṇena paripūretabbasīlaṃ. Iriyāpathiyaṃ pasādaniyanti paresaṃ pasādāvahaṃ ākappasampattinimittaṃ iriyāpathanissitaṃ sampajaññaṃ. Adhicitte ca āyogoti samathavipassanāsu anuyogo bhāvanā.

Āraññakānīti araññe pariyāpannāni. Pantānīti vivittāni.

Sīlanti catupārisuddhisīlaṃ. Heṭṭhā hi bhinditvā vuttaṃ, idha abhinditvā vadati. Bāhusaccanti bahussutabhāvo. So hi bhāvanānuyogassa bahukāro, bojjhaṅgakosalla- anuttarasītibhāvaadhicittayuttādīsu sammā pavicayabahulassa samathavipassanānuyogo sampajjati. Dhammānaṃ pavicayo yathābhūtanti rūpārūpadhammānaṃ aviparītasalakkhaṇato 1- sāmaññalakkhaṇato ca parivīmaṃsā, iminā adhipaññādhammavipassanamāha. Saccānaṃ abhisamayoti dukkhādīnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ pariññābhisamayādivasena paṭivedho.

@Footnote: 1 Sī....sallakkhaṇato

Svāyaṃ saccābhisamayo yathā hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ "bhāveyyā"tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha bhāveyya ca aniccanti "sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā"tiādinā 1- avibhāgato "yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannan"tiādinā 2- vibhāgato vā sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccasaññaṃ bhāveyya uppādeyya ceva vaḍḍheyya cāti attho. Anattasaññanti "sabbe dhammā anattā"ti pavattaṃ anattasaññañca bhāveyyāti yojanā. Evaṃ sesesupi. Asubhasaññanti karajakāye sabbasmimpi vā tebhūmikasaṅkhāre kilesāsucipaggharaṇato "asubhā"ti pavatta- saññaṃ. Dukkhasaññāparivārā hi ayaṃ, eteneva cettha dukkhasaññāpi gahitāti veditabbaṃ. Lokamhi ca anabhiratinti sabbaloke tebhūmikesu saṅkhāresu anābhiratisaññaṃ, etena ādīnavānupassanaṃ nibbidānupassanañca vadati.

Evaṃ pana vipassanābhāvanaṃ anuyutto 3- taṃ ussukkāpento ime dhamme 4- vaḍḍheyyāti dassento "bhāveyya ca bojjhaṅge"ti gāthamāha. Tassattho:- bodhiyā sati- ādisattavidhadhammasāmaggiyā bodhissa vā taṃsamaṅgino puggalassa aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā, satiādayo dhammā. Te satiādike sattabojjhaṅge, chandaādīni cattāri iddhipādāni, saddhādīni pañcindriyāni, saddhādīniyeva pañca balāni, sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgaariyamaggañca. Casaddena satipaṭṭhānāni sammappadhānāni ca gahitānīti sabbepi sattatiṃsappabhede bodhipakkhiyadhamme bhāveyya uppādeyya ceva vaḍḍheyya ca. Tattha yadetesaṃ paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe uppādanaṃ uparimaggakkhaṇe ca vaḍḍhanaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa bhikkhuno sāruppanti.

Evaṃ bodhipakkhiyasattatiṃsadhamme bhāvento 5- yathā maggasaccaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena abhisameti, evaṃ samudayasaccaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena, nirodhasaccaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena abhisametīti dassento "taṇhaṃ pajaheyyā"ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha taṇhaṃ pajaheyyāti

@Footnote: 1 khu.dhamMa. 25/277/64 aniccalakkhaṇavatthu 2 saṃ. khandha. 17/49/41 soṇasutta,

@abhi.vibhaṅga. 35/2/1 rūpakkhandha 3 Sī. anuyuñjantā 4 Sī.,i. idameva

@5 Sī.,i....dhamme upādāya upari maggakkhaṇe ca bhāvento Kāmataṇhādipabhedaṃ sabbaṃ taṇhaṃ ariyamaggena anavasesato samucchindeyya, monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ, tena samannāgatattā muni. Samūlake āsave padāleyyāti kāmarāgānusayādi- samūlake kāmāsavādike sabbepi āsave bhindeyya samucchindeyya. Vihareyya vippamuttoti evaṃ sabbaso kilesānaṃ pahīnattā sabbadhi vimutto sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggaṃ nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikatvā vihareyya. Etanti yadetaṃ viharaṇaṃ, etaṃ samaṇassa samitapāpassa bhikkhuno paṭirūpaṃ sāruppanti attho.

Evaṃ thero samaṇasāruppapaṭipattikittanamukhena sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ tabbilomato bāhirakasamayassa aniyyānikatañca vibhāvesi. Taṃ sutvā te brāhmaṇamahāsālā sāsane abhippasannā saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu.

Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Paramatthadīpaniyā theragāthāsaṃvaṇṇanāya

dasakanipātassa atthavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.