อุปาลิสูตรที่ ๑

4. Upālivagga

1. Upālisuttavaṇṇanā

Catutthassa paṭhame saṃghasuṭṭhutāyātiādīsu saṃghasuṭṭhutā nāma saṃghassa suṭṭhu bhāvo, "suṭṭhu devā"ti āgataṭṭhāne viya "suṭṭhu bhante"ti piyavacanasampaṭicchanabhāvo. 1- Yo ca tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchati, tassa taṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. Tasmā saṃghassa "suṭṭhu bhante"ti mama vacanasampaṭicchanatthaṃ paññattaṃ asampaṭicchane ādīnavaṃ sampaṭicchane ca ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā, na balakkārena abhibhavitvāti etamatthaṃ āvikaronto āha saṃghasuṭṭhutāyāti. Saṃghaphāsutāyāti saṃghassa phāsutāya, 2- sahajīvitāya sukhavihāratthāyāti attho.

Dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāyāti dummaṅkū nāma dussīlapuggalā, ye maṅkutaṃ āpādiyamānāpi dukkhena āpajjanti, vītikkamaṃ karontā vā katvā vā na lajjanti, tesaṃ niggahatthāya. Te hi sikkhāpade asati "kiṃ tumhehi diṭṭhaṃ, kiṃ sutaṃ, kiṃ amhehi kataṃ, katamasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ katamaṃ āpattiṃ āropetvā 3- amhe niggaṇhathā"ti saṃghaṃ viheṭhessanti. 4- Sikkhāpade pana sati tesaṃ 5- saṃgho sikkhāpadaṃ dassetvā saha dhammena niggahessati. Tena vuttaṃ "dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāyā"ti.

Pesalānanti piyasīlānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihāratthāya. Piyasīlā hi bhikkhū kattabbākattabbaṃ sāvajjānavajjaṃ velaṃ mariyādañca ajānantā sikkhāttayapāripūriyā ghaṭamānā kilamanti, te pana sāvajjānavajjaṃ velaṃ mariyādañca ñatvā sikkhāttayapāripūriyā ghaṭamānā nātikilamanti. 6- Tena tesaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ phāsuvihārāya saṃvattati. 7- Yo vā dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggaho, sveva tesaṃ phāsuvihāro. Dussīlapuggale

@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. vacana... 2 cha.Ma. phāsubhāvāya 3 cha.Ma. ropetvā

@4 cha.Ma. viheṭheyyuṃ 5 cha.Ma. te 6 cha.Ma. na kilamanti 7 cha.Ma. na kilamanti Nissāya hi uposathapavāraṇā na tiṭṭhanti, saṃghakammāni nappavattanti, sāmaggī na hoti, bhikkhū anekaggā uddesādīhi 1- anuyuñjituṃ na sakkonti. Dussīlesu pana niggahitesu sabbopi ayaṃ upaddavo na hoti, tato pesalā bhikkhū phāsuṃ 2- viharanti. Evaṃ 3- "pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāyā"ti ettha dvidhā attho 4- veditabbo.

Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāyāti diṭṭhadhammikā āsavā nāma asaṃvare ṭhitena tasmiṃyeva attabhāve pattabbā pāṇippahāradaṇḍappahārasatthappahārahatthaccheda- pādacchedaakittiayasavippaṭisārādayo dukkhavisesā, tesaṃ saṃvarāya pidahanāya āgamanamaggathakanāyāti attho. Samparāyikānanti samparāyikā āsavā nāma asaṃvare ṭhitena katapāpakammamūlakā samparāye narakādīsu pattabbā dukkhavisesā, tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya vūpasamatthāya.

Appasannānanti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hi sati sikkhāpadapaññattiṃ ñatvā vā, yathāpaññattaṃ paṭipajjamāne bhikkhū disvā vā, yepi appasannā paṇḍitā manussā, te "yāni vata loke mahājanassa rajjanadussanamuyhanaṭṭhānāni, tehi ime samaṇā āratā viratā viharanti, dukkaraṃ vata karontī"ti pasādaṃ āpajjanti vinayapiṭake potthakaṃ disvā micchādiṭṭhikatavedibrāhmaṇā 5- viya. Tena vuttaṃ "appasannānaṃ pasādāyā"ti.

Pasannānanti yepi sāsane pasannā kulaputtā, tepi sikkhāpadapaññattiṃ vā ñatvā, yathāpaññattaṃ paṭipajjamāne bhikkhū vā disvā "aho ayyā dukkaraṃ karonti, ye yāvajīvaṃ ekabhattā brahmacariyasaṃvaraṃ 6- pālentī"ti bhiyyo bhiyyo pasīdanti. Tena vuttaṃ "pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāyā"ti.

@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. uddesādīsu 2 cha.Ma. phāsu 3 Sī. tena vuttaṃ

@4 Sī. evamettha attho 5 Sī. micchādiṭṭhikativedibrāhmaṇā 6 cha.Ma. vinayasaṃvaraṃ

Saddhammaṭṭhitiyāti tividho saddhammo pariyattisaddhammo paṭipattisaddhammo adhigama- saddhammoti. Tattha sakalaṃpi buddhavacanaṃ pariyattisaddhammo nāma. Terasa dhutaṅgaguṇā 1- cārittavārittasīlasamādhivipassanāti ayaṃ paṭipattisaddhammo nāma. Navalokuttaradhammo adhigamasaddhammo nāma. So sabbopi yasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sati bhikkhū sikkhāpadañca tassa vibhaṅgañca tadatthajotanatthaṃ aññaṃ ca buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, yathāpaññattañca paṭipajjamānā paṭipattiṃ pūretvā paṭipattiyā adhigantabbaṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigacchanti, tasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā saddhammo ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Tena vuttaṃ "saddhammaṭṭhitiyā"ti.

Vinayānuggahāyāti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hi sati saṃvaravinayo pahānavinayo samathavinayo paññattivinayoti catubbidhopi vinayo anuggahito hoti upatthambhito sūpatthambhito. Tena vuttaṃ "vinayānuggahāyā"ti.

2. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāsuttavaṇṇanā

Dutiye pārājikoti pārājikāpattiṃ āpanno. Pārājikakathā vippakatā hotīti "asukapuggalo pārājikaṃ āpanno nu kho no"ti evaṃ kathā ārabhitā 2- aniṭṭhāpitā hoti. Eseva nayo sabbattha.