๘. นกุหนาสูตร ที่ ๑

8. Paṭhamanakuhanasuttavaṇṇanā

Aṭṭhame nayidanti ettha naiti paṭisedhe nipāto, tassa "vussatī"ti iminā sambandho, yakāro padasandhikaro. Idaṃsaddo "ekamidāhaṃ bhikkhave samayaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharāmi subhagavane sālarājamūle"tiādīsu 1- nipātamattaṃ. "idaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhave appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakan"tiādīsu 2- yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato.

"idaṃ hi taṃ jetavanaṃ isisaṃghanisevitaṃ

āvutthaṃ dhammarājena pītisañjananaṃ mamā"ti 3- ādīsu vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva āsannapaccakkhe daṭṭhabbo.

Brahmacariyasaddo:-

"kinte vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ

kissa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko

iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti

idañca te nāga mahāvimānaṃ.

@Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/501/442 2 dī.Sī. 9/27/12 3 saṃ.sa. 15/48/37

Ahañca bhariyā ca manussaloke

saddhā ubho dānapatī ahumhā

opānabhūtaṃ me gharaṃ tadāsi

santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca.

Taṃ me vataṃ taṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ

tassa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko

iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti

idaṃ ca me dhīra mahāvimānan"ti 1- imasmiṃ puṇṇakajātake dāne āgato.

"kena pāṇi kāmadado kena pāṇi madhussavo

kena te brahmacariyena puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhati.

Tena pāṇi kāmadado tena pāṇi madhussavo

tena me brahmacariyena puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhatī"ti 2- imasmiṃ aṅkurapetavatthusmiṃ veyyāvacce. "idaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhave tittiriyaṃ nāma brahmacariyaṃ ahosī"ti 3- imasmiṃ tittirajātake pañcasikkhāpadasīle. "taṃ kho pana pañcasikha brahmacariyaṃ neva nibbidāya na virāgāya .pe. Yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā"ti 4- imasmiṃ mahāgovindasutte brahmavihāre. "pare abrahmacārino bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārino bhavissāmā"ti 5- sallekhasutte methunaviratiyaṃ.

"mayañca bhariyā nātikkamāma

amhe ca bhariyā nātikkamanti

aññatra tāhi brahmacariyaṃ carāma

tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na miyyare"ti 6-

@Footnote: 1 khu.jā. 28/1595/299 (syā) 2 khu.peta. 26/277/183 3 vi.cūḷa. 7/311/82

@4 dī.mahā. 10/329/214 5 Ma.mū. 12/83/56 6 khu.jā. 27/1415/289 (syā) Mahādhammapālajātake sadārasantose. "abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ sāriputta caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritā, tapassī sudaṃ homī"ti 1- lomahaṃsasutte vīriye.

"hīnena brahmacariyena khattiye upapajjati

majjhimena ca devattaṃ uttamena visujjhatī"ti 2- nimijātake attadamanavasena kate aṭṭhaṅgikauposathe. "idaṃ kho pana pañcasikha brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya .pe. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo"ti mahāgovindasutteyeva ariyamagge. "tayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitan"ti 3- pāsādikasutte sikkhattayasaṅgahe sakalasmiṃ sāsane. Idhāpi ariyamagge sāsane ca vattati.

Vussatīti vasīyati, carīyatīti attho. Janakuhanatthanti "aho ayyo sīlavā vattasampanno appicacho santuṭṭho mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo"tiādinā janassa sattalokassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti "evarūpassa nāma ayyassa dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī"ti pasannacittehi "kenattho, kiṃ āharīyatū"ti manussehi vadāpanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti yavāyaṃ "ākaṅkheyya ce bhikkhave bhikkhu `lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānan'ti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī"ti 4- sīlānisaṃsabhāvena vutto catupaccayalābho, yo ca catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ sakkaccadānasaṅkhāto ādarabahumānagarukaraṇasaṅkhāto ca sakkāro, yo ca "sīlasampanno bahussuto sutadharo āraddhavīriyo"tiādinā nayena uggatabhutighosasaṅkhāto siloko brahmacariyaṃ carantānaṃ diṭṭhadhammiko ānisaṃso, tadatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano

@Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/155/119 2 khu.jā. 27/1186/249-250

@3 dī.pā. 11/175/108 4 Ma.mū. 12/65/43 Jānātūti "evaṃ brahmacariyavāse sati `ayaṃ sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo'tiādinā maṃ jano jānātu sambhāvetū"ti attano santaguṇavasena sambhāvanatthampi na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti sambandho.

Keci pana "janakuhanatthan"ti pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa sato sāmantajappanairiyāpathanissitapaccayappaṭisevanasaṅkhātena tividhena kuhanavatthunā kuhanabhāvena janassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti pāpicchasseva sato paccayatthaṃ parikathobhāsādivasena lapanabhāvena upalāpanabhāvena vā janassa lapanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti pāpicchasseva sato lābhādigarutāya 1- lābhasakkārasilokasaṅkhātassa ānisaṃsaudayassa nipphādanatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano jānātūti pāpicchasseva sato asantaguṇasambhāvanādhippāyena `iti evaṃ maṃ jano jānātū'ti na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatī"ti evamettha atthaṃ vadanti. Purimoyeva pana attho sārataro.

Atha khoti ettha athāti aññadatthe nipāto, khoti avadhāraṇe. Tena kuhanādito aññadatthāyeva pana idaṃ bhikkhave brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti dasseti. Idāni taṃ payogaṃ 2- dassento "saṃvaratthañceva pahānatthañcā"ti āha. Tattha pañcavidho saṃvaro pātimokkhasaṃvaro satisaṃvaro ñāṇasaṃvaro khantisaṃvaro vīriyasaṃvaroti.

Tattha "iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto"ti 3- hi ādinā nayena āgato ayaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaro nāma, yo sīlasaṃvaroti ca pavuccati. "rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī"ti 4- āgato ayaṃ satisaṃvaro.

@Footnote: 1 Ma. lābhādivasena garutāya 2 cha.Ma. taṃ payojanaṃ 3 abhi.vi. 35/511/296

@4 dī.Sī. 9/213/70, Ma.mū. 12/295/258, saṃ.saḷā. 18/317/220, aṅ.tika. 20/16/108

"yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ (ajitāti bhagavā) sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ

sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi paññāyete pidhīyareti 1- āgato ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. "khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā"tiādinā 2- nayena āgato ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro. "uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī"tiādinā 3- nayena āgato ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro. Atthato pana pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pajahanavasena vattappaṭivattānaṃ karaṇavasena ca pavattā cetanā ceva viratiyo ca. Saṅkhepato sabbo kāyavacīsaṃyamo, vitthārato sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamo sīlasaṃvaro. Sati eva satisaṃvaro, satippadhānā vā kusalā khandhā. Ñāṇameva ñāṇasaṃvaro. Adhivāsanavasena adoso, adosappadhānā vā pavattā kusalā khandhā khantisaṃvaro, paññāti eke. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ anadhivāsanavasena pavattaṃ vīriyameva vīriyasaṃvaro. Tesu paṭhamo kāyaduccaritādidussīlyassa saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, dutiyo muṭṭhassaccassa, tatiyo aññāṇassa, catuttho akkhantiyā, pañcamo kosajjassa saṃvaraṇato pidahanato saṃvaroti veditabbo evametassa saṃvarassa atthāya saṃvaratthaṃ, saṃvaranipphādanatthanti attho.

Pahānampi pañcavidhaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nissaraṇappahānanti. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā ekakanipāte paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva. Tassa pana pañcavidhassapi tathā tathā rāgādikilesānaṃ paṭinissajjanaṭṭhena samatikkamanaṭṭhena vā pahānassa atthāya pahānatthaṃ, pahānasādhanatthanti attho. Tattha saṃvarena kilesānaṃ cittasantāne pavesananivāraṇaṃ, pahānena pavesananivāraṇañceva samugghāto cāti vadanti. Ubhayenāpi pana yathārahaṃ ubhayaṃ sampajjatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlādidhammā eva hi saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, pajahanato pahānanti.

@Footnote: 1 khu.su. 25/1042/532 2 Ma.mū. 12/24/14

@3 Ma.mū. 12/26/15, aṅ.dasaka. 24/60/88

Gāthāsu anītihanti ītiyo vuccanti upaddavā diṭṭhadhammikā ca samparāyikā ca, ītiyo hanati vināseti pajahatīti ītihaṃ, anuītihanti anītihaṃ, sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca. Atha vā ītīhi anatthehi saddhiṃ hananti gacchanti pavattantīti ītihā, taṇhādiupakkilesā. Natthi ettha ītihāti anītihaṃ. Ītihā vā yathāvuttenatthena titthiyasamayā, tappaṭipakkhato idaṃ anītihaṃ. "anitihan"tipi pāṭho. Tassattho:- "itihāyan"ti dhammesu anekaṃsaggāhabhāvato vicikicchā itihaṃ nāma, sammāsambuddhappaveditattā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ nikkaṅkhabhāvasādhanato natthi ettha itihanti anitihaṃ, aparapaccayanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ "paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī"ti "atakkāvacaro"ti ca. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ pana "anītihan"ti dīghaṃ katvā paṭhanti.

Nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ ogadhaṃ patiṭṭhaṃ pāraṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī, vimuttarasattā ekanteneva nibbānasampāpakoti attho. Taṃ nibbānogadhagāminaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Soti yo so samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhinditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, so bhagavā adesayi desesi. Nibbānogadhoti vā ariyamaggo vuccati tena vinā nibbānogāhanassa asambhavato tassa ca nibbānaṃ anālambitvā appavattanato, tañca taṃ ekantaṃ pāpayati gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī. Atha vā nibbānogadhagāminanti nibbānassa antogāminaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ, nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā tassa anto eva vattati pavattatīti.

Mahantehīti 1- mahāātumehi uḷārajjhāsayehi. Mahantaṃ nibbānaṃ, mahante vā sīlakkhandhādike esanti gavesantīti mahesino, buddhādayo ariyā. Tehi anuyāto paṭipanno. Yathā buddhena desitanti yathā abhiññeyyādidhamme

@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. mahattehīti Abhiññeyyādibhāveneva sammāsambuddhena mayā desitaṃ, evaṃ ye etaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadatthaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyañaca paṭipajjanti, te diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsantassa satthu mayhaṃ sāsanakārino ovādappaṭikarā sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa antaṃ pariyantaṃ appavattiṃ karissanti, dukkhassa vā antaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarissantīti.

Aṭṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.