๒. สุภูตเถรคาถา

336. 2. Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

ayogetiādikā āyasmato subhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?

ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāya māse māse aṭṭhakkhattuṃ catujjātiyagandhena satthu gandhakuṭiṃ opuñjāpesi. So tena puññakammena nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sugandhasarīro hutvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe gahapatikule nibbattitvā subhūtoti laddhanāmo vayappatto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya 2- gharāvāsaṃ pahāya titthiyesu pabbajitvā tattha sāraṃ alabhanto

@Footnote: 1 Sī.,i. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati 2 Sī.,i. nissaraṇajjhāsayā Satthu santike upatissakolitaselādike bahū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pabbajitvā sāmaññasukhaṃ anubhavante disvā sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā ācariyupajjhāye ārādhetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vivekavāsaṃ vasanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne 1-:-

"imamhi bhaddake kappe brahmabandhu mahāyaso

kassapo nāma gottena uppajji vadataṃ varo.

Anubyañjanasampanno bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo

byāmappabhāparivuto raṃsijālasamotthaṭo.

Assāsetā yathā cando suriyova pabhaṅkaro

nibbāpetā yathā megho sāgarova guṇākaro.

Dharaṇīriva sīlena himavāva samādhinā

ākāso viya paññāya asaṅgo anilo yathā.

Tadāhaṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ upapanno mahākule

pahūtadhanadhaññasmiṃ nānāratanasañcaye.

Mahatā parivārena nisannaṃ lokanāyakaṃ

upecca dhammamassosiṃ amataṃva manorahaṃ. 2-

Dvattiṃsalakkhaṇadharo sanakkhattova candimā

anubyañjanasampanno sālarājāva phullito.

Raṃsijālaparikkhitto dittova kanakācalo

byāmappabhāparivuto sataraṃsī divākaro.

Soṇṇānano jinavaro samaṇīva 3- siluccayo

karuṇāpuṇṇahadayo guṇena viya sāgaro.

Lokavissutakitti ca sinerūva naguttamo

yasasā vitthato dhīro 4- ākāsasadiso muni.

@Footnote: 1 khu.apa. 33/140/248 cūḷasugandhattherāpadāna (syā) 2 cha.Ma. manoharaṃ

@3 pāli. rammaṇīva 4 cha.Ma. vīro

Asaṅgacitto sabbattha anilo viya nāyako

patiṭṭhā sabbabhūtānaṃ mahīva munisattamo.

Anupalitto lokena toyena padumaṃ yathā

kuvādagacchadahano aggikkhandhova sobhati. 1-

Agado viya sabbattha kilesavisanāsako

gandhamādanaselova guṇagandhavibhūsito.

Guṇānaṃ ākaro dhīro 2- ratanānaṃva sāgaro

sindhūva vanarājīnaṃ 3- kilesamalahārako.

Vijayīva mahāyodho mārasenāvamaddano

cakkavattīva so rājā bojjhaṅgaratanissaro.

Mahābhisakkasaṅkāso dosabyādhitikicchako

sallakatto yathā vejjo 4- diṭṭhigaṇḍaviphālako.

So tadā lokapajjoto sanarāmarasakkato

parisāsu narādicco dhammaṃ desayate jino.

Dānaṃ datvā mahābhogo sīlena sugatūpago

bhāvanāya ca nibbāti iccevamanusāsatha.

Desanaṃ taṃ mahassādaṃ ādimajjhantasobhanaṃ

suṇanti parisā sabbā amataṃva mahārasaṃ.

Sutvā sumadhuraṃ dhammaṃ pasanno jinasāsane

sugataṃ saraṇaṃ gantvā yāvajīvaṃ namassahaṃ.

Munino gandhakuṭiyā opuñjesiṃ 5- tadā mahiṃ

catujjātena gandhena māse aṭṭha dinesvahaṃ.

Paṇidhāya sugandhattaṃ sarīravissagandhino

tadā jino viyākāsi sugandhatanulābhitaṃ.

@Footnote: 1 pāli. so vasi 2 cha.Ma. vīro 3 pāli. narājañño 4 pāli. seṭṭho

@5 pāli. ubbaṭṭesiṃ

Yo yaṃ gandhakuṭibhūmiṃ gandhenopuñjate 1- sakiṃ

tena kammavipākena upapanno tahiṃ tahiṃ.

Sugandhadeho sabbattha bhavissati ayaṃ naro

guṇagandhayutto hutvā nibbāyissatināsavo.

Tena kammena sukatena cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca

jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

Pacchime ca bhave dāni jāto vippakule ahaṃ

gabbhaṃ me vasato mātā dehenāsi sugandhitā.

Yadā ca mātukucchimhā nikkhamāmi tadā purī 2-

sāvatthi sabbagandhehi vāsitā viya vāyatha.

Pupphavassañca surabhi dibbagandhaṃ manoramaṃ

dhūpāni ca mahagghāni upavāyiṃsu tāvade.

Devā ca sabbagandhehi dhūpapupphehi taṃ gharaṃ

vāsayiṃsu sugandhena yasmiṃ jāto ahaṃ ghare.

Yadā ca taruṇo bhaddo paṭhame yobbane ṭhito

tadā selaṃ saparisaṃ vinetvā narasārathi.

Tehi sabbehi parivuto 3- sāvatthipuramāgato

tadā buddhānubhāvaṃ taṃ disvā pabbajito ahaṃ.

Sīlaṃ samādhipaññañca vimuttiñca anuttaraṃ

bhāvetvā caturo dhamme pāpuṇiṃ āsavakkhayaṃ.

Yadā pabbajito cāhaṃ yadā ca arahā 4- ahuṃ

nibbāyissaṃ yadā cāhaṃ gandhavasso tadā ahu.

Sarīragandho ca sadātiseti 5- me

mahārahaṃ candanacampakuppalaṃ

@Footnote: 1 pāli.gandhena ubbaṭo 2 pāli. puraṃ 3 pāli. sahito 4 pāli. arahaṃ

@5 pāli. seṭṭhotiseti

Tatheva gandhe itare ca sabbaso

pasayha vāyāmi tato tahiṃ tahiṃ.

Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ .pe. Kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan"ti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā titthiyesu pabbajitvā attano pattaṃ attakilamathānuyogaṃ dukkhaṃ sāsane pabbajitvā pattaṃ jhānādisukhañca cintetvā 1- attano paṭipatti- paccavekkhaṇamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto:-

"ayoge yuñjamattānaṃ puriso kiccamicchako

caraṃ ce nādhigaccheyya taṃ ve 2- dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ.

Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitaṃ 3-

ekañce ossajeyya kalīva siyā

sabbānipi ce ossajeyya andhova siyā

samavisamassa adassanato.

Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade

akarontaṃ bhāsamānaṃ parijānanti paṇḍitā.

Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ agandhakaṃ

evaṃ subhāsitā vācā aphalā hoti akubbato.

Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ sagandhakaṃ 4-

evaṃ subhāsitā vācā saphalā hoti kubbato"ti imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha ayogeti ayuñjitabbe asevitabbe antadvaye. Idha pana attakilamathānu- yogavasena attho veditabbo. Yuñjanti tasmiṃ attānaṃ yuñjanto yojento tathā paṭipajjanto. Kiccamicchakoti ubhayahitāvahaṃ kiccaṃ icchanto, tappaṭipakkhato ayoge

@Footnote: 1 Sī.,i. dīpetvā 2 cha.Ma. me 3 pāli. aghatajīvitaṃ 4 cha.Ma. sugandhakaṃ Caraṃ caranto ce bhaveyya. Nādhigaccheyyāti yathādhippetaṃ hitasukhaṃ na pāpuṇeyyāti ñāyo. 1- Tasmā yaṃ ahaṃ titthiyamatavañcito 2- ayoge yuñjiṃ, taṃ ve dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ apuññasabhāvo. "purimakammabyāmohito ayoge yuñjin"ti dasseti.

Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitanti vibādhanasabhāvatāya aghā nāma rāgādayo, aghāni eva aghagataṃ, aghagatānaṃ vijitaṃ saṃsārappavatti, tesaṃ vijayo kusaladhammābhibhavo. "aghagataṃ vijitan"ti anunāsikalopaṃ akatvā vuttaṃ. Taṃ abbūḷhaṃ anuddhataṃ yena, taṃ abbūḷhāghagataṃ vijitaṃ katvā 3- evaṃbhūto hutvā, kilese asamucchinditvāti attho. Ekañce ossajeyyāti adutiyatāya padhānatāya ca ekaṃ appamādaṃ sammāpayogameva vā ossajeyya pariccajeyya ce. Kalīva so puggalo kāḷakaṇṇī viya siyā. Sabbānipi ce ossajeyyāti sabbānipi vimuttiyā paripācakāni saddhāviriyasatisamādhipaññin- driyāni 4- ossajeyya ce, abhāvanāya chaḍḍeyya ce, andhova siyā samavisamassa adassanato.

Yathāti opammasampaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Ruciranti sobhanaṃ. Vaṇṇavantanti vaṇṇa- saṇṭhānasampannaṃ. Agandhakanti gandharahitaṃ pālibhaddakagirikaṇṇikajayasumanādibhedaṃ. Evaṃ subhāsitā vācāti subhāsitā vācā nāma tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānasampanna- pupphasadisaṃ. Yathā hi agandhakaṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho na pharati, evaṃ etampi yo sakkaccasavanādīhi na samācarati, tassa sakkaccaṃ asamācarantassa yaṃ tattha kattabbaṃ, taṃ akubbato sutagandhaṃ 5- paṭipattigandhañca na āvahati aphalā hoti. Tena vuttaṃ "evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, aphalā hoti akubbato"ti.

Sagandhakanti sumanacampakanīluppalapupphādibhedaṃ. Evanti yathā taṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho pharati, evaṃ tepiṭakabuddhavacanasaṅkhātā subhāsitā vācāpi yo

@Footnote: 1 Ma.na pāpuṇeyya, tathāti ñāyo 2 Ma. titthiyataMa.....

@3-3 Sī.,i. yena taṃ abbūḷhaṃ anuddhaṭaṃ aghagataṃ vijitaṃ akatvā

@4 Sī.,i. sabbāni vīriyasatisamādhipaññindriyāni 5 Sī.,i.,Ma. sutagandhaṃ

@cāgagandhaṃ, dhammapada.A. sutagandhaṃ dhāraṇagandhaṃ (3/45 syā) Sakkaccasavanādīhi tattha kattabbaṃ karoti, assa 1- puggalassa saphalā hoti, sutagandhapaṭi- pattigandhānaṃ āvahanato mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Tasmā yathovādaṃ 2- paṭipajjeyya, yathākārī tathāvādī ca bhaveyyāti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.